ABSTRACT
Objective The aim of this study was to establish rat models of immunosuppression and immune hyper-function.Methods Sixty-four SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, and C.All rats were immunized with intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg ovalbumin ( OVA) .The group A was used as control.At 6 hours after immunization, the rats of group B were injected with different doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy) at different time points.The rats of group C were injected with Cy in different ways at 3 days before immunization.Results Immunosuppressed rats were successfully induced by Cy (125 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) at 6 h after immunization and also by injection of 225 mg/kg Cy at 3 days before immunization with ovalbumin.Small dose (20 mg/kg) of Cy injected once or a smaller dose (5 mg/kg/d) injected once a day for consecutive 3 days can also result in immune hyperfunction.Conclusions Rat models of immunosuppression and immune hyperfunction are successfully established, which provide methodological and data support for establishment of such animal models and useful reference for related research.
ABSTRACT
Objective To systematically study solvatomorphism of indomethacin and provide a scientific basis for the quality control of the solvated impurities in this drug. Methods By changing the recrystallization solvent, solvent volume, recrystallization temperature, time and pressure, nine solvates and four non-solvated forms were discovered and prepared. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA), X-ray powder diffraction ( PXRD) and infrared spectrometry (IR) were introduced for characterization analysis. Furthermore, the test of influencing factors was used to explore the stability of solvate crystal form and the crystal transformation rules among them. Results Nine solvates were prepared, which including two solvates reported for the first time in this work. Results showed that crystal forms of the 9 solvates have different types or proportions of crystal solvents according to the various results of DSC, TGA, PXRD and IR. Moreover, the nine solvates prepared in this work were metastable crystal forms which could be transformed to non-medicinal forms. Conclusion The composition, thermodynamic property and transformation rule of all the solvates are elucidated in this work. In addition, an effective method for qualitative or quantitative analysis of these solvates was established. The standard graphs and data were used as basic data and scientific basis for the solvate control in the manufacturing of indomethacin.
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Objective To study the expression of Th1 and Th2 types cytokines in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the clinical significance. Methods The expressions of Th1 ( INF-γ、IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) types cytokines in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 healthy controls and 45 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the control group, the expressions of Th1 type cytokines, IL-2 and INF-γwere significantly lower in the cultured PBMCs from the cancer patients (tINF-γ= 18. 24 ,tIL-2 = 15.31 ,Ps ＜0. 01 ) ,while the expression of Th2 type cytokines,IL-4 was significantly higher in the cultured PBMCs from the cancer patients ( tIL-4 = 5.79, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression changes of the cytokines showed a correlation with TNM (tumou-node-metastasis) stage of the tumor. Conclusion The Th1/Th2 shift existed in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and it might be one of the underline mechanisms of tumor immune escape.